1. Gastric Bypass: This involves creating a small pouch from the stomach and connecting it directly to the small intestine, bypassing a large part of the stomach and a segment of the intestine.
2. Sleeve Gastrectomy: A significant portion of the stomach is removed, leaving a banana-shaped section that is closed with staples.
How Bariatric Surgery Aids in Weight Loss:
The mechanisms through which bariatric surgery aids in weight loss include:
- Reduced Stomach Capacity: By limiting the amount of food the stomach can hold, these procedures help reduce calorie intake.
- Altered Hormonal Responses: Surgery can change hormone levels that control hunger and satiety, leading to decreased appetite and increased feelings of fullness.
- Malabsorption: Some procedures decrease the absorption of nutrients, which reduces calorie intake.
Effectiveness in Treating Obesity:
Bariatric surgery has been shown to be highly effective in promoting significant and long-term weight loss. Studies have indicated that patients typically lose about 60 TO 80 percent of their excess body weight, depending on the type of surgery. Additionally, it has notable health benefits, including:
- Improvement or resolution of diabetes.
- Lowered risk of heart disease.
- Reduction in sleep apnea symptoms.
- Relief from joint pain due to weight loss.
Who is Eligible for Bariatric Surgery?
Not everyone with obesity is a candidate for bariatric surgery. Eligibility criteria typically include:
- A Body Mass Index(BMI) of 35 or above.
- A BMI of 30 or above with obesity-related health problems like type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, or severe sleep apnea.
- Inability to achieve a healthy weight through diet and exercise.
